As I mentioned in my earlier post, there are 2 options available to you out of the box for logging. You can either use the TraceWriter or the ILogger. While this is fine when you are doing some small projects or Functions, it can become a problem if you want your Azure Functions to reuse earlier developed logic or modules used in different projects, a Web API for example.

In these shared class libraries you are probably leveraging the power of a ‘full-blown’ logging library. While it is possible to wire up a secondary logging instance in your Azure Function, it’s better to use something which is already available to you, like the ILogger or the TraceWriter.

I’m a big fan of the log4net logging library, so this post is about using log4net with Azure Functions. As it goes, you can apply the same principle for any other logging framework just the implementation will be a bit different.

Creating an appender

One way to extend the logging capabilities of log4net is by creating your own logging appender. You are probably already using some default file appender or console appender in your projects. Because there isn’t an out-of-the-box appender for the ILogger, yet, you have to create one yourself.

Creating a solution with multiple small services is great of course. It provides you with a lot of flexibility and scalability.

There are however a couple of things you have to think about when designing and developing a solution with multiple services. One of the things you need to figure out is how to implement proper logging. For an actual production system you need to have this in place in order to monitor and debug the overall solution.

We, developers using Azure Functions, are already blessed with some logging mechanisms and tools provided out of the box! The out of the box stuff is pretty basic, but it gets the job done and will make your life much easier when the need arises to analyze a production issue.

Logging in your function

When first creating your Azure Function you will probably see a parameter being passed in your Run method called log.

public static class Function1
{
    [FunctionName("Function1")]
    public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> Start(
        [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", Route = null)]
        HttpRequestMessage req,
        TraceWriter log)
    {
        log.Info("C# HTTP trigger function processed a request.");
        // Logic
    }
}

This log-parameter can be used to do some simple logging inside your Azure Function. When invoking this function you’ll be able to see the specified log entry in your console.

So you might remember me posting about using the Let’s Encrypt site extension for Azure App Services, called Azure Let’s Encrypt, created by SJKP.

This has quite well for over a year now and even works for Function Apps.

However, last month I got notified my SSL certificate was expired on one of my sites. Strange, as an automated job should just handle this for me. I thought the job probably didn’t execute because of some glitch in the matrix. Therefore I logged in manually, started the site extension wizard again and was stuck on this screen.

The reason I was stuck was because the ClientId and ClientSecret didn’t work anymore. As these settings hadn’t changed since I started using this extension I found it quite strange.

Apparently, the Server Principal, which I had created last year, somehow had changed and I didn’t know how to change it back. Lucky for me, managing the AAD isn’t very hard to do nowadays. With a bit of trial and error I was able to create a new SNP and use these details on the Let’s Encrypt site extension.

Creating a new application in AAD

First thing you need to do is add a new Appliction to your AAD. Be sure to pick the option App registrations over here and press the New application registration.

In a couple of weeks, on the 22nd of February, I’ll be talking at a free event organized by 4DotNet and SnelStart called Move Up with Azure. I’m not the only one who will be speaking over there, there’s also a great session by Henry Been (SnelStart) and an awesome talk from Christos Matskas (Microsoft).

I myself will be talking on how to create a serverless solution using Azure Functions. This of course is a very broad subject and I’d like to know what you think I should focus on or what you would like to see covered in this session?

Some areas which I’ll be covering for sure is a short introduction on the serverless paradigm, how to design and create a scalable architecture, using built-in functionality offered by Azure Functions to make your life easier, working with Visual Studio to get stuff done and of course how to test your solution.

There are a lot of other subjects which I can also cover and deep-dive into. Feel free to comment over here if you have a specific interest in something related to serverless or Azure Functions. For example Durable Functions, performance, common patterns & principles.

Hope to see you on the 22nd of February in Nieuwegein. Be sure to register on Eventbrite to get your free ticket for this event!

Warming up your web applications and websites is something which we have been doing for quite some time now and will probably be doing for the next couple of years also. This warmup is necessary to ‘spin up’ your services, like the just-in-time compiler, your database context, caches, etc.

I’ve worked in several teams where we had solved the warming up of a web application in different ways. Running smoke-tests, pinging some endpoint on a regular basis, making sure the IIS application recycle timeout is set to infinite and some more creative solutions.

Luckily you don’t need to resort to these kind of solutions anymore. There is built-in functionality inside IIS and the ASP.NET framework. Just add an applicationInitialization-element inside the system.WebServer-element in your web.config file and you are good to go! This configuration will look very similar to the following block.

<system.webServer>

  ...
	<applicationInitialization>
		<add initializationPage="/Warmup" />
  </applicationInitialization>
</system.webServer>

What this will do is invoke a call to the /Warmup-endpoint whenever the application is being deployed/spun up. Quite awesome, right? This way you don’t have to resort to those arcane solutions anymore and just use the functionality which is delivered out of the box.

The above works quite well most of the time. However, we were noticing some strange behavior while using this for our Azure App Services. The App Services weren’t ‘hot’ when a new version was deployed and swapped. This probably isn’t much of a problem if you’re only deploying your application once per day, but it does become a problem when your application is being deployed multiple times per hour.

A new year has started, so it’s time to reflect and think of what we’ll be doing the rest of this new year.

2017 has been a great year for me, not only from a technical point of view, but also personally.

First of all, I have had the chance to be an amazing dad for our son. Being a dad is the best thing one can imagine. Seeing the joy in your child’s eyes whenever you get home and seeing him grow up so quickly is just amazing! 2017 is also the year we got blessed by being pregnant again! We are expecting our second kid any day now. Both of these things are probably the biggest highlights of the year. Of course, we also moved between houses, just in time for our baby to get born in the new house. Really looking forward to this event!

As I said, 2017 also was a great year for my professional life. First of all I’ve had to chance to speak at a 4DotNet event early in the year and a couple of months later I was picked to deliver 2 sessions at the TechDays Netherlands. Aside from these two big events I also talked a couple of times at some smaller user groups and companies.

Using certificates to secure, sign and validate information has become a common practice in the past couple of years. Therefore, it makes sense to use them in combination with Azure Functions as well.

As Azure Functions are hosted on top of an Azure App Service this is quite possible, but you do have to configure something before you can start using certificates.

Adding your certificate to the Function App

Let’s just start at the beginning, in case you are wondering on how to add these certificates to your Function App. Adding certificates is ‘hidden’ on the SSL blade in the Azure portal. Over here you can add SSL certificates, but also regular certificates

Keep in mind though, if you are going to use certificates in your own project, please just add them to Azure Key Vault in order to keep them secure. Using the Key Vault is the preferred way to work with certificates (and secrets).

For the purpose of this post I’ve just pressed the Upload Certificate-link, which will prompt you with a new blade from which you can upload a private or public certificate.

You will be able to see the certificate’s thumbprint, name and expiration date on the SSL blade if it has been added correctly.

So, one of my previous customers reached out to me a couple of weeks ago. They had a question concerning on how to use dependency injection in their AutoMapper profiles. For this project we were using profiles which were dynamically loaded inside the application using MEF and were using Autofac for dependency injection.

The way you would normally load all of these profiles is by using the AddProfiles method when initializing AutoMapper. The code would look similar to the following excerpt.

private static void RegisterAutomapperDefault(IEnumerable<Assembly> assemblies)
{
    AutoMapper.Mapper.Initialize(cfg =>
    {
        cfg.AddProfiles(assemblies);
    });
}

This works fine on most occasions and is the recommended approach, to my knowledge.

When you start thinking about using dependency injection (constructor injection in this case), you might want to rethink your mapping profile. Because, if you have the need for dependencies when mapping object properties to the properties of a different object it probably means there’s too much logic going on over here.

Of course, if you need this, one thing you might want to consider is using the custom type convertors or custom value resolvers. You can use dependency injection (constructor injection) using these convertors and resolvers by adding a single line in the Initialize method of AutoMapper.

private static void RegisterAutomapperDefault(IContainer container, IEnumerable<Assembly> assemblies)
{
    AutoMapper.Mapper.Initialize(cfg =>
    {
        cfg.ConstructServicesUsing(container.Resolve);

       cfg.AddProfiles(assemblies);
    });
}

Now if you still feel like you need to do constructor injection inside your mapping Profile classes, that’s also quite possible, but please think about it in before doing so.

You might remember me writing a post on how you can set up your site with SSL while using Let’s Encrypt and Azure App Services.

Well, as it goes, the same post applies for Azure Functions. You just have to do some extra work for it, but it’s not very hard.

Simon Pedersen, the author of the Azure Let’s Encrypt site extension, has done some work in explaining the steps on his GitHub wiki page. This page is based on some old screenshots, but it still applies.

The first thing you need to do is create a new function which will be able to do the ACME challenge. This function will look something like this.

public static class LetsEncrypt
{
    [FunctionName("letsencrypt")]
    public static HttpResponseMessage Run(
        [HttpTrigger(AuthorizationLevel.Anonymous, "get", "post", Route = "letsencrypt/{code}")]
        HttpRequestMessage req,
        string code,
        TraceWriter log)
    {
        log.Info($"C# HTTP trigger function processed a request. {code}");
        var content = File.ReadAllText(@"D:\home\site\wwwroot\.well-known\acme-challenge\" + code);
        var resp = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        resp.Content = new StringContent(content, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, "text/plain");
        return resp;
    }
}

As you can see, this function will read the ACME challenge file from the disk of the App Service it is running on and return the content of it. Because Azure Functions run in an App Service (even the functions in a Consumption plan), this is very possible. The Principal (created in the earlier post) can create these type of files, so everything will work just perfectly.

(Almost) No one likes writing code meant to store data to a repository, queues, blobs. Let alone triggering your code when some event occurs in one of those areas. Luckily for us the Azure Functions team has decided to use bindings for this.
By leveraging the power of bindings, you don’t have to write your own logic to store or retrieve data. Azure Functions provides all of this functionality out of the box!

Bindings give you the possibility to retrieve data (strong-typed if you want) from HTTP calls, blob storage events, queues, CosmosDB events, etc. Not only does this work for input, but also for output. Say you want to store some object to a queue or repository, you can just use an output binding in your Azure Function to make this happen. Awesome, right?

Most of the documentation and blogposts out there state you should define your bindings in a file called function.json. An example of these bindings is shown in the block below.

{
  "bindings": [
    {
      "name": "order",
      "type": "queueTrigger",
      "direction": "in",
      "queueName": "myqueue-items",
      "connection": "MY_STORAGE_ACCT_APP_SETTING"
    },
    {
      "name": "$return",
      "type": "table",
      "direction": "out",
      "tableName": "outTable",
      "connection": "MY_TABLE_STORAGE_ACCT_APP_SETTING"
    }
  ]
}

The above sample specifies an input binding for a Queue and an output binding for a some Table Storage. While this works perfectly, it’s not the way you want to implement this when using C# (or F# for that matter), especially if you are using Visual Studio!